Research progress on the mechanism of retinal light injury / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The retina is a highly specialized tissue with unique structure and adaptability. Maintaining dynamic balance in all different types of retinal cells is essential for maintaining vision. The retina may be exposed to a variety of environmental damage such as light-induced damage, and over the course of evolution, retinal cells have developed adaptive responses to various injuries that together restore dynamic cellular homeostasis and increase the resistance of the tissue to further damage. Howecer, excessive exposure to light can cause a series of pathological changes in photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells(RGC), retinal glial cells and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells, such as increased expression of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and Ca2+ in mitochondria, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and inflammation, etc., leading to irreversible damage to the retina. In the present article, the possible pathogenesis and current related research progress of light-induced injury were reviewed, in order to provide research directions for the prevention and treatment of retinal light injury.

Improvement of China's legal system for public health emergency management from the perspective of lifecycle management / 中华流行病学杂志

A crucial lesson gained through the pandemic preparedness and response to COVID-19 is that all measures for epidemic control must be law-based. The legal system is related not only to public health emergency management per se but also to all aspects of the institutional supporting system throughout the lifecycle. Based on the lifecycle emergency management model, this article analyses the problems of the current legal system and the potential solutions. It is suggested that the lifecycle emergency management model shall be followed to establish a more comprehensive public health legal system and to gather the intelligence and consensus of experts with different expertise, including epidemiologists, sociologists, economists, jurist and others, which will collaboratively promote the science-based legislation in the field of epidemic preparedness and response for the establishment of a comprehensive legal system for public health emergency management and with Chinese characteristics.

Development and Characterization of A Linear Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometer / 分析化学

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is an important analytical technique for biological macromolecules,such as proteins,peptides and nucleic acid, especially in the field of microbial identification. Based on previous study,a linear MALDI-TOF MS has been designed and assembled for biological applications. The instrument comprises a vacuum system,a vacuum fast sample introduction system, an optical system, a time-of-flight mass analyzer, an ion source, a data acquisition system and an electric control system. The ion source adopts two-stage source acceleration,delayed extraction and dynamic pulse focusing technology. The time-of-flight distance of field-free drift region is about 1 meter. The optical system adopts a solid laser with adjustable frequency of 1-2000 Hz and spots of 20-100 μm. The angle of incidence laser is controlled at 5 degrees. A series of experiments are carried out to further evaluate the instrument performances. It can not only analyze the samples more than 199 kDa, but also achieve isotope resolution at 1000-3000 Da and up to 900(FWHM) at 5000-17000 Da. The minimum detectable concentration of gramicidin is 10 amol/μL, absolute sensitivity can reach up to 2. 56 amol. Independent detection of saliva samples from different targets shows that the instrument has high reproducibility. We identified Escherichia Coli and Shigella spp,which are two common bacteria but difficult to be differentiated by mass spectrometry,showing its potential identification for clinical microorganism. In a summary,this instrument can play a role on clinical examination in the near future.

Application of "disharmony of stomach leads to insomnia" theory in acupuncture treatment for insomnia / 中国针灸

When looking back to the literature regarding insomnia, it is believed that "disharmony of stomach leads to insomnia" is an important mechanism for the attack of insomnia. This theory is widely accepted in clinical practices by ancient and modern acupuncturists, thus the method treating insomnia from the stomach is developed. But deeper research on its mechanism is still lacking. Through correlation between stomach meridian and heart meridian, spleen and stomach being the pivot of rise and decline of qi movement and yin-yang and being the pivot of five zang-viscera housing spirit, modern abdomen-brain theory and experimental research, the mechanism of treating insomnia from the stomach is discussed in this paper, so as to be better to guide clinical acupoint-selection and treatment.

Regulation of moxibustion for expression of gastric mucosa cell-related marker protein in rats with acute gastric ulcer / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore relevant material basis of moxibustion for recovering gastric mucosal lesion. METHODL Forty-five SD rats were randomly divided into a normal goup, a model group, an acupoint group and a control group, 15 rats in the model group and 10 rats in the rest three groups. Except the normal group, binding and cold stress method were used to establish gastric mucosa injury model. The suspended moxibustion was applied in the acupoint group and control group at acupoints of the stomach meridian ("Liangmen" (ST 21) and "Zusanli" (ST36) and control acupoints (Laterally 1cm next to the "Liangmen" (ST 21) and Zusanli" (ST36), once a day, consectutively for 12 days. After 12 days, morphology of gastric mucosal was observed under optical microscope; protein fingerprints of gastric mucosa cell in rats were detected by protein fingerprint technology, weak cation chip and weak anion chip. Also mass to charge ratio of differential proteins in groups were compared and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the model group, index of gastric mucosal lesion in the acupoint group was reduced and its morphology was obviously improved (P<0.05). Campared with control group, index and morphology of gastric mucosal lesion were significantly improved in the acupoint group (P<0.05). According to test of weak cation chip, there was four marker proteins that had expression differences, indicating moxibustion at acupoints of stomach meridian could inrease expression of three marker protein whose molecular weight was 1354Da, 5692Da and 8432Da (all P<0.05) while reduce expression of marker protein with molecular weight of 3287Da (_<0.05). According to test of weak anion chip, moxibustion at acupoints of stomach meridian could increase expression of three marker proteins whose molecular weight was 2412 Da, 3026Da and 6475 Da (allP<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Moxibustion at acupoints of the stomach meridian could regulate differential expression of gastric mucosa cell-related marker protein in rats with acute gastric ulcer and recover gastric mucosal lesion, it's effect is better than that of the points of laterally 1 cm next to acupoint.</p>

Diagnosis of peripheral lymph circulation disorders with contrast MR lymphangiography / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate anatomical and functional images of contrast MR lymphangiography in the diagnosis of limb lymphatic circulation disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 patients with limb lymphedema were enrolled in the study. There were 27 patients of primary lymphedema and 3 of secondary lymphedema. Contrast enhanced lymphangiography was performed with 3.0 T MR Unit after intracutaneous injection of gadobenate dimeglumine into the interdigital webs of the dorsal foot and hand. The kinetics of enhanced lymph flow within the lymphatics were calculated using the formula: Speed (cm) = total length of visualized lymph vessel (cm)/ inspection time (minutes) and by comparing dynamic nodal enhancement and time-signal intensity curves between edematous and contralateral limbs. Morphological abnormalities of the lymphatic system were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Following injection of the contrast agent enhanced lymphatic channels were consistently visualized in all clinical lymphedematous limbs and five contralateral limbs of unilateral lymphedema cases. The speed of enhanced flow within the lymphatics of lymphedematous limbs ranged from 0.30 to 1.48 cm/min. The contrast enhancement in inguinal nodes of edematous limbs was significantly lower than that of contralateral limbs (P < 0.01). Dynamic measurement of contrast enhancement showed a remarkable lowering of peak time (P < 0.01) and peak enhancement (P < 0.01) and a delay in outflow in inguinal nodes of affected limbs compared with that of control limbs. Post-contrast MR imaging also depicted varied distribution patterns of lymphatics and abnormal lymph flow pathways within lymph nodes in the limbs with lymphatic circulation disorders.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Contrast MR lymphangiography with gadobenate dimeglumine was able to visualize the precise anatomy of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes in lymphedematous limbs. It also provided comprehensive information about the functional status of lymph flow transportation in lymphatics and lymph nodes.</p>

Application of functional MRI in breast diseases / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of functional MRI in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast diseases.Methods Sixty-five patients with 68 lesions were enrolled in this study. Conventional T_1 WI and T_2 WI scan,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI,diffusion weighted imaging and ~1H single voxel MR spectroscopy were performed consequently.All lesions were verified by pathology,including 4 cases of breast adenosis,22 fibroadenomas,2 chronic inflammations,3 cysts,33 infitrating ductal carcinomas,1 intraductal carcinoma and 3 cystosarcoma phyllodes tumors.Morphological features,maximum enhancement ratio,time-intensity curve,apparent diffusion coefficient and Choline peak were analyzed. Results The detection rates of T_1 WI and T_2 WI were 14.7%(n=10)and 51.5%(n=35).The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of dynamic contrast.enhanced MRI for the malignant tumor were 94.6%, 71.4% and 76.5% respectively.Retrospective study showed that diffusion weighted imaging,with the b value from 800 s/mm~2 to 1000 s/mm~2,could be used to differentiate various types of breast lesions.~1H signal voxel spectroscopy had a sensitivity of 51.4%,specificity of 82.6%,and accuracy of 67.6% for the malignent.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy could reach 97.3%,90.0% and 92.6% respectively by combining conventional scan,dynamic contrast enhanced MRI and MR spectroscopy.Conclusion Functional MRI,with high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy,can be used widely in the diagnosis of malignant breast lesions.